Tips & Advice Posts

The Texas Department of Transportation outlines specifications regarding the proper dimensions for Type 1 precast concrete traffic barrier (PCTB), including general notes, plan view details, elevation view details, and more.

Texas Low Profile Precast Concrete Barrier (Type 1) General Notes

The Texas Department of Transportation’s general instructions are as follows:

1. Low Profile Concrete Barrier (LPCB) is approved for use in temporary work zone locations where the posted speed is 45 mph or less.
2. Concrete should be Class H with a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi.
3. Where used, rebar reinforcement should be Grade 60 and conform to ASTM A615.
4. Precast LPCB length should be 20 feet.
5. All barriers should have a ¾” chamfer or a tooled radius.
6. Join connection hardware should be in accordance with Item 449, “Anchor Bolts” and is considered subsidiary.
7. Steel pipe required for joint connection bolts should be galvanized in accordance with Item 445, “Galvanizing.”
8. Welded wire reinforcement (WWR) may be used in lieu of conventional reinforcement for Type 1 barrier, and should be the requirements shown.

Texas Low Profile Precast Concrete Barrier (Type 1) Specifications

Barriers should conform to the following specifications, according to the Texas Department of Transportation.Plan ViewType 1 barriers are symmetrical about the center lines. They measure 20’-0” long and 28” wide, and include a 1-1/4” PVC drainpipe hole, plus a trough for bolt joint connections. The connection trough measures 30” long and begins 10” from the left side of the barrier. Steel pipe is required for all joint connections. Barriers include H2 Bars, V1 Bars and H1 Bars for reinforcement.Elevation ViewEach barrier includes a drain slot that is no taller than 2”. Galvanized steel pipes are required for all joint connections. There are 2” nominal diameter lifting pipes made of steel or Sch. 40 PVC spaced approximately 4’-0” from each barrier end. Barriers stand 20” tall.H2 (#5) BarsEach barrier includes eight H2 Bars. This is a U-shaped bar. Each arm of the bar measures 41” long, the open end of the bar measures 22-1/2” wide, and there is a 6” diameter bending pin on both corners.V1 (#4) BarsEach barrier includes 17 V1 Bars. This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 21” long and 13-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.V2 (#4) BarsEach barrier includes 12 V2 Bars. This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 21” long, and each arm of the U measures 13-1/2” long. The open end of the rebar measures 12” across. The ends of each arm of the U is bent, and this bent section measures 4-1/2” and 10-1/4”.Section A-ASection A-A of the Type 1 LPCB measures 28” across on the top and is symmetrical along the center line. There are two vertically stacked 1-1/2” nominal diameter holes that are required for steel pipe connection bolts. These two holes are spaced 9” apart. There is also a 2” cover at the top of the barrier.Section B-BSection B-B of the Type 1 LPCB measures 28” across at the top and 26” across at the bottom. The section stands 20” tall. There is a 2” cover at the top and the sides of the section, and a 4” cover at the bottom.ASTM A36 Connection Bolts and Plate WasherNuts, hex nuts and washers should all be galvanized.Connection bolts measure 26” long. They are 1-1/4” in diameter and include a thread that is a minimum of 4” long. Hex nuts are Grade 5. The plate washer measures 5” x 10” x 3/8” and includes two holes, through which the connection bolts will be secured.This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT' most recent requirements for definitive information.

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Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace was created to give heavy civil contractors the opportunity to buy and sell their unneeded materials and equipment. Our inventory of barrier wall ranges from low profile, to k-rail, to single slope, and everything in between. Additionally, our material inventory also ranges to include used sheet pile, new and used steel beams, new and used steel plates and so much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

Dewatering removes water and/or controls water currents to ensure the safety of job sites for construction or repair projects involving bridges, dams, boat ramps, ships and other vessels, canals, pipelines, diversion pipes, utility lines, etc. Dewatering occurs through the process of removing water, storing water, pumping it, and discharging it to a different location. It can happen with the help of structures like cofferdams, caissons, and inflatable cofferdams. These structures aid in preventing issues during construction due to water, flooding, and erosion.

Cofferdams

These structures, also called “coffers,” are sealed, enclosed areas situated across bodies of water where water is removed (and cannot re-enter). Construction can safely take place within the confines of a cofferdam, as the structure creates a dry environment. Cofferdams are most often temporary fixtures. Once construction is complete, they are removed, and the materials used for their initial construction can be re-used or re-purposed for future projects involving cofferdams or for other purposes. Cofferdams are made of steel sheet piles, concrete, and other durable materials that keep water out. Those that are made of steel sheet piles create a wall that is driven into the earth quickly and efficiently. Steel sheet pile cofferdams can be installed and uninstalled easily once construction is over.

Caissons

These dewatering structures are often made up of hollow boxes or cylinders that are floated to particular areas, where they are inserted and secured deep into the earth. Once they reach a desired location, water, mud, etc. is pumped out of them until they reach bedrock or clay, at which point a dry environment is created. A caisson is usually filled with concrete once it is set up in its final location. This creates a safe and dry work platform, and it also can serve as a component of the foundation of the construction. If a caisson is intended to be a part of the construction, as is often the case, it is a permanent structure. Caissons are constructed using concrete, wood, steel, or a mix of those materials. Some of the popular types of caissons include box caissons, open caissons, pneumatic caissons, excavated caissons, and floating caissons, which all are best suited to particular types of applications and environments.

Inflatable Cofferdams

Designed to be temporary and portable, these are convenient choices for dewatering. They are made of a fabric, usually composed of polyester and vinyl (or some combination). They are inflated with water and placed in an area that needs to be dewatered. Once in place, the water is pumped out, and a watertight work environment is facilitated. Inflatable cofferdams come in a variety of shapes and sizes to meet the needs of particular projects and can be customized. Although most often used as temporary structures, inflatable cofferdams may also be utilized as permanent faults in streambeds and rivers. Inflatable cofferdams are fairly easy to repair/patch up and also to deflate and re-use elsewhere. When they are deflated, storing them is also quite simple. Although inflatable cofferdams work well in many scenarios, they are not as strong against pressures as traditional cofferdams made of steel sheet pile. In areas where pressure from surrounding water is immense, they are not always the best choice.The structures mentioned above are all excellent dewatering solutions for marine construction. Each comes with specific benefits. For instance, for temporary applications, cofferdams and inflatable cofferdams are a solid choice, with traditional cofferdams being the better option for areas in which water pressure is greatest. And caissons are best-suited to foundation projects in which they are built into the constructions.

BUY AND SELL WITH EIFFEL TRADING

Eiffel Trading is an online marketplace that enables contractors to buy and sell unneeded heavy civil materials and equipment. We specialize in all things foundation, including steel sheet pile, steel pipe, h pile beams, and much more. Furthermore, our inventory includes concrete equipment, shoring equipment, and much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

The Texas Department of Transportation outlines specifications regarding the proper dimensions for F-Shape to low profile precast concrete traffic barriers (PCTB), Type T, including general notes, section details, and more.The transition is from CSB (F-Shape) to LPCB (Low Profile).

Texas F-Shape to Low Profile Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) (Type T) General Notes

The Texas Department of Transportation’s general instructions are as follows:

1. Concrete should be Class H with a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi.
2. Where used, rebar reinforcement should be Grade 60 and conform to ASTM A615.
3. These details cover barrier per Item 512, “Portable Concrete Traffic Barrier.”
4. Precast barrier transition lengths should be 10 feet, unless otherwise specified.
5. All precast barrier edges should have a ¾” chamfer or tooled radius.
6. All steel assemblies for joint should be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with Item 445, “Galvanizing.”
7. Joint connection systems are considered subsidiary.
8. For rebars, use 2” bending pin unless otherwise shown.

Texas F-Shape to Low Profile Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Specifications (Type T)

Texas PCTBs Type T should conform to the following specifications, according to the Texas Department of Transportation.Plan and Elevation ViewsBarrier segments include two 24” lifting slots, a 1” diameter PVC for drainage pipes, and a trough for bolt joint connections. The LPCB bottom measures 26” and the LPCB top measures 28”. The CSB bottom measures 9-1/4” on the top and 24” on the bottom.The formwork transition lines measure 3” long. On the right end of each barrier, there is a 1-1/2” nominal diameter Sch 40 steel pipe for 1-1/4” diameter connection bolts.Section A-AThere are two holes running through the center of the barrier. These holes are stacked vertically and spaced 6” apart from each other; the lower hole is spaced 12-3/4” from the bottom of the barrier, and the top hole is spaced 8-3/4” from the top of the barrier.Barriers measure 24” wide at the bottom and 9-1/2” wide at the top.Section C-CSection C-C of the barrier measures 26” at the bottom, 28” at the top, and 20” tall. Barriers are symmetrical in nature.Detail J for CSB-Side Block-OutsThis section of the barrier includes an upper leave-out and a lower-leave out. The lower leave out measures 11-1/8” long and the upper leave out measures 9-3/8” long.Barrier Transition Elevation Reinforcement PlacingReinforcement bars are spaced both vertically and horizontally within the barrier. Starting with vertical bars from left to right, the spacing between them is as follows:

• V1 – V2 = 3-1/8”
• V2 – V3 = 13”
• V3 – V4 = 4”
• V4 – V5 = 4”
• Bars V5 to V14 are each spaced 5-1/2” apart from each other
• Bars V14 to V18 are spaced 4-1/2” apart from each other
• V18 – V19 = 4”
• V19 – V20 = 3-1/2”
• V20 – V21 = 3-1/2”

On the left side of the barrier, the horizontal bars are stacked at different intervals. The distance between each horizontal bar and the ground line is as follows:

• L4 = 6-1/4”
• L3 = 9-1/8”
• L2 = 15-5/8”
• L2 = 18-7/8”
• L1 = 28-1/8”

On the right side of the barrier, the horizontal bars are stacked at different intervals. The distance between each horizontal bar and the ground line is as follows, from the lowest H1 to the highest H1: 4-5/8”; 7-1/2”; 12-3/4”; 17-1/4”.This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT' most recent requirements for definitive information.

Buy and sell with Eiffel Trading

Eiffel Trading’s online platform markets a large variety of new and used precast barrier wall options, including various DOT specs, low profile barrier, f-shape barrier, and more. In addition, our inventory of marine equipment ranges from sectional barges, to tug boats, to crew boats, and everything in between.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

The Texas Department of Transportation outlines specifications regarding the proper dimensions for F-Shape precast concrete traffic barriers, (Type 4, 10 foot segments), including general notes, elevation view details, joint connection details, and more.

Texas Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Type 4 General Notes

The Texas Department of Transportation’s general instructions are as follows:

1. The 10 foot __<a href="https://www.eiffeltrading.com/marketplace/construction-material/barrier-wall/aee2a316-9700-ca6b-8ed5-8b33d171c4b1?utmsource=Website&utmmedium=blog&utm_campaign=Blog%20Redirect

" target="_blank">barrier</A> is intended for maintenance applications of short duration periods__. The 10 foot barrier is limited to use in temporary work zone conditions not to exceed two calendar months, unless approved in writing by the TxDOT Engineer, noting the duration and location of the barrier placement in the written approval.

1. 30 foot Type 1 barrier and 10 foot Type 4 barrier sections should not be mixed in a single run of barrier.
2. Barrier lengths other than 10 feet for Type 4 barriers are not allowed.
3. Concrete should be Class H, with a minimum compressive strength of 3,600 psi.
4. Where used, rebar reinforcement should be Grade 60 and conform to ASTM A615.
5. Only the Type X joint connection system is to be used with Type 4 barrier and is considered subsidiary. See CSB (1), Sheet 1 of 2, for Type X connection details.
6. Conduit troughs may be omitted, as shown elsewhere or as directed by the Engineer.
7. Usage of the 10 foot Type 4 CBS barrier requires a minimum of 100 linear feet. Shorter lengths than this should be discussed with the design division.

Texas Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Type 4 Details

Texas PCTB Type 4 should conform to the following specifications, according to the Texas Department of Transportation.Elevation ViewPCTBs measure 10’ long, plus or minus 1”. Each barrier requires (#4) S1 bars (2) with Type X Joint connection, and S1 bars are required with WWR reinforcement option. Each barrier segment includes two lifting slots that are 24” long x 3” deep. The lifting slots are spaced 3’-0” apart from each other, and 1’-6” from each end of the barrier. Barriers include #4 S3 bars (17) and a 2” cover at each barrier end.End ViewPCTBs measure 24” wide at the bottom and 9-1/2” wide at the top. They stand 32” tall. All precast barrier edges should have a ¾” chamfer or tooled radius. There is a 6” conduit trough centered on the barrier running through its center, a 3” vertical reveal and a 1” ACP. When 1” ACP is not used for lateral support, the barrier’s dimensions should be adjusted accordingly. Barriers have a 10” R. The height of the lower slope is 7” and the height of the upper slope is 22”.S1 Bar (#2) DetailsS1 Bars (#2) are vase-shaped and measure 6” on the short “closed” end and 10-5/8” on the wide “open” end. The bar is symmetrical in nature and measures 1’-9” long. Each symmetrical arm of the bar can be split into two “sections” – the long section and the short section. The long section measures 1’-4” long and the short section measures 5” long.S3 (#4) Bar DetailsS3 Bars (#4) are U-shaped and measure 6” on the short “closed” end and 1’-5-1/4” on the wide “open” end. The bar is symmetrical in nature and measures 2’-2” long. Each symmetrical arm of the bar can be split into two “sections” – the long section and the short section. The long section measures 1’-9-1/4” long and the short section measures 4-3/4” long. On the closed section of the bar, there is a 2” diameter bending pin (typ.).Schedule of Reinforcement for 10 Foot Precast SectionsTwo S1 bars are required with the use of WWR reinforcement options. The S1 bars may need a slight modification to fit within the WWR cage, as directed by the Engineer.Joint Connection Type XJoint Type X Connection is required with 10 foot barrier lengths.Type X Joint installation includes one upper connection and one lower connection. Each connection is made with a 7/8” diameter x 29” long A325 threaded rod. There is a plate washer and nut on each end.The table below shows the approximate per L.F. quantities:This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT' most recent requirements for definitive information.

Buy and Sell with Eiffel Trading

Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace allows contractors to buy and sell new and used materials and equipment, including various types of barrier wall. Our current barrier wall inventory ranges from single slope barrier, to low profile barrier, to f-shape barrier, and everything in between. In addition, our construction equipment inventory includes drilling barriers, bridge overhang brackets, bridge deck finishers, and much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) outlines specifications regarding the proper dimensions for F-Shape to low profile precast concrete traffic barrier (PCTB) reinforcing bars (Type T) including general notes and rebar specifications.The transition is from CSB (F-Shape) to LPCB (Low Profile) precast concrete traffic barrier (PCTB).

Texas F-Shape to Low Profile Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Reinforcing Bar Dimensions (Type T) General Notes

The Texas Department of Transportation’s general instructions are as follows:

1. Concrete should be Class H with a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi.
2. Where used, rebar reinforcement should be Grade 60 and conform to ASTM A615.
3. These details cover barrier per Item 512, “Portable Concrete Traffic Barrier.”
4. Precast barrier transition lengths should be 10 feet, unless otherwise specified.
5. All precast barrier edges should have a ¾” chamfer or tooled radius.
6. All steel assemblies for joint should be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with Item 445, “Galvanizing.”
7. Joint connection systems are considered subsidiary.
8. For rebars, use 2” bending pin unless otherwise shown.

Texas F-Shape to Low Profile Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Reinforcing Bar Dimensions (Type T)

Rebar for Texas F-Shape to Low Pro PCTB should conform to the following specifications, according to the Texas Department of Transportation.(#5) Rebar – L1The L1 (#5) Rebar is a bent-angle rebar that can be divided into two sections: the long section and the short section. The long section measures 7’-1/2” long, and the short section measures 2’-4-1/16” long. There is a 171 degree angle/bend between these two sections.(#5) Rebar – L2The L2 (#5) Rebar is a bent-angle rebar that can be divided into two sections: the long section and the short section. The long section measures 7’-4-5/8” long, and the short section measures 2’-4” long. There is a 174 degree angle/bend between these two sections.(#5) Rebar – L3The L3 (#5) Rebar is a bent-angle rebar that can be divided into two sections: the long section and the short section. The long section measures 6’-11-3/4” long, and the short section measures 2’-8-9/16” long. There is a 172 degree angle/bend between these two sections.(#5) Rebar – L4The L4 (#5) Rebar is a bent-angle rebar that can be divided into two sections: the long section and the short section. The long section measures 6’-11-3/4” long, and the short section measures 2’-8-9/16” long. There is a 174 degree angle/bend between these two sections.(#5) Rebar – H1The H1 Rebar (#5) is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 22-1/8” long, and each arm of the U measures 3’-1-3/4” long. The open end of the rebar measures 16-5/8” across. The arms of the U bend in slightly, offset at a measurement of 2-1/2”.(#4) Rebar – V1This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 6-1/4” long, and each arm of the U measures 25-5/8” long. The open end of the rebar measures 16-7/8” across. The ends of each arm of the U is bent, and this bent section measures 4-1/8”.(#4) Rebar – V2This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 6-1/4” long, and each arm of the U measures 25-5/8” long. The open end of the rebar measures 16-7/8” across. The ends of each arm of the U is bent, and this bent section measures 4-1/8”.(#4) Rebar – V3This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 6-1/4” long, and each arm of the U measures 21” long. The open end of the rebar measures 10-1/2” across. The ends of each arm of the U is bent, and this bent section measures 4-7/8”.(#4) Rebar – V4This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 6-1/4” long, and each arm of the U measures 25-5/8” long. The open end of the rebar measures 16-7/8” across. The ends of each arm of the U is bent, and this bent section measures 4-1/8”.(#4) Rebar – V5This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with three sides, plus one open end. The bottom of the U measures 6-1/4” long, and each arm of the U measures 25-5/8” long. The open end of the rebar measures 16-7/8” across. The ends of each arm of the U is bent, and this bent section measures 4-1/8”.(#4) Rebar – V6This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 25-7/8” long and 7-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V7This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 25-1/8” long and 8-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V8This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 23-3/8” long and 9-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V9This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 22-1/2” long and 10-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V10This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 21-1/2” long and 11-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V11This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 21” long and 12-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V12This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 20” long and 13-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V13This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 19-1/2” long and 14-1/2” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V14This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 18-1/2” long and 15-3/8” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V15This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 17-7/8” long and 16-1/8” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V16This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 17-1/2” long and 7” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V17This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 18-1/2” long and 17-3/4” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V18This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with two interior sides. The rebar measures 17-7/8” long in total, and 18-1/2” wide in total. The width of each interior side is 4-1/2”, and the length of the interior sides are 14-5/8”.(#4) Rebar – V19This rebar is a U-shaped rebar with two interior sides. The rebar measures 17-1/4” long in total, and 19-1/4” wide in total. The width of each interior side is 4-1/2”, and the length of the interior sides are 14”.(#4) Rebar – V20This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 20” long and 16-3/4” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.(#4) Rebar – V21This rebar is a square shaped rebar with one unconnected, overlapping corner. The rebar measures 20-1/2” long and 16-1/8” wide. The overlapping ends measure 5” each.This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT' most recent requirements for definitive information.

BUY AND SELL WITH EIFFEL TRADING

Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace hosts a wide variety of precast barrier types all over the Southwest region, including F-Shape barrier, low profile barrier, single slope barrier, and every type in between. Furthermore, our construction equipment inventory ranges to include concrete formwork, pile drivers, shoring towers, and much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

Combi walls are constructed to serve as retaining walls for heavy marine construction purposes that require a significant amount of stiffness and high bearing capacity. They are used as tougher alternatives to regular sheet pile walls or secant walls. Combi walls are most often made up of a combination of sheet pile and steel pipe. Their steel pipe components bolster resistance to force, and their steel sheet pile components connect gaps between the pipes to make the structure secure, strong, and stable. They can act as temporary structures or permanent structures, depending on the type of marine construction and its short-term and long-term needs.

Installation of Combi Walls

A combi wall’s steel pipes are usually driven as bored piles. They are sometimes backfilled with concrete as well as reinforcing steel, but this isn’t always the case. Backfilling increases strength. During the process of driving the steel pipes, installation crews need to be careful to ensure that they are driven straight and vertical. They need to be perfectly parallel to each other and at precise distances apart. The use of a temporary pile-driving template frame is recommended to ensure the successful and proper installation of a combi wall’s steel pipes. Methods like targeted ground treatment and jetting can also be useful to help ensure pipes are driven properly. Once steel pipes are secured in the ground, a final inspection should be done before sheet piles are added to the equation.

Piling Continued

Once the steel pipes are in place, steel sheet piles are driven into the gaps between the pipes, most often using a vibratory hammer. Piles are aligned with a combi wall pipes by utilizing welded interlocking points. Pile cross sections using H-piles may also be used in the construction of a combi wall. Furthermore, anchors or horizontal struts may be put into place behind a combi wall to stabilize it and provide it with greater load bearing capabilities.

Specific Applications of Combi Walls

Below are some of the types of marine construction projects in which combi walls may be used:

• Lake filling projects
• Wharf construction
• Bridge construction
• Bridge foundation projects.
• Railway construction
• Cofferdam repair and construction
• Roadway construction
• Expansion of Ports
• Levee construction
• Pier construction
• Dam repair and construction
• Building foundation projects
• And more

Any project where a traditional sheet pile wall does not suffice in terms of bearing strength, a combi wall can be used to provide the load-bearing capacity and stiffness needed. Additionally, a combi wall can be used in order to lower costs in any project in which a secant wall might be used. Combi walls are considerably less expensive and less time consuming to construct than secant walls. They also have the added benefit of being much easier to uninstall if they are intended for temporary use. And their materials can be easily re-used for other projects, whether those other projects involve the construction of another combi wall or if they simply require repurposing of materials.

FINAL THOUGHTS

Overall, combi walls are a cost-effective solution for a variety of marine construction projects where a retaining wall or similar structure is needed but other options may not fit the bill when it comes to strength or budgetary concerns.

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Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace allows contractors to buy and sell a wide variety of construction materials and equipment. Our inventory includes many types of piling, including used sheet pile, new and used h pile, new and used wide flange beams, and much more. In addition, our foundation equipment inventory ranges from augers, to pile driving machines, and everything in between.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

Caissons are concrete, wood, or steel structures utilized for the purpose of dewatering as the foundations of bridges, ports, piers, and quay walls are constructed. Generally, caissons are permanent structures and become a part of the final product of deep foundations. This is a major difference between caissons and cofferdams, which are used for many of the same purposes but are often temporary structures. Caissons are watertight and sized to meet the needs of the project. They come in various shapes, sizes, and types, depending on the needs of the particular marine construction. They are often hollow until they are securely in place on clay or bedrock. Once in place, they are typically filled with concrete. Different pile types are often used including bearing piles and sheet piles.Some of the benefits of caissons of all types are that they are fairly economical in comparison to other dewatering alternatives. Additionally, the significant height and weight of most caissons allows them to penetrate quite deeply and securely into the earth. A drawback to caissons is that workers must be trained and skilled in utilizing them to avoid potential hazards associated with their interiors.As previously noted, there are various types of caissons suited to different purposes. Below are six of the most common types:1. Box Caissons – These caissons are made up of rows of boxes. The prefabricated boxes each have four sides and a bottom. They are hollow before they reach their final location. They are floated to their final location of a foundation, and once they are in place, their hollow insides are filled with concrete. Box caissons are a popular option for bridge pier foundations, and they are a relatively affordable choice in comparison to other types of caissons. Box caissons can be made from various types of material, including steel sheet pile and other piling materials.2. Open Caissons – Open caissons are very similar to box caissons, except their prefabricated structures do not have a bottom, and they merely consist of four sides. Open caissons are an excellent choice for use in soft ground areas (soft clay areas, riverbeds, etc.) They are not ideal for use in areas where there are sizeable ground obstructions. These caissons are common in foundation work involving piers, pump stations, tunneling, and deep manholes. Oftentimes, open caissons are constructed using steel sheet pile.3. Pneumatic Caissons – Pneumatic caissons are made up of bottomless, top-sealed boxes. They are filled with air that has been pressurized. Once they are placed in an area of water, they are able to push water, mud, and sediment out through themselves. Workers are then able to relocate mud and sediment, as it is being pushed out. Airflow to a pneumatic caisson must be constant until all mud, rock, water etc. is removed and the caisson reaches bedrock. At which point, airflow is stopped, and the caisson boxes are filled with concrete in a dry environment.4. Monolithic Caissons – These caissons are also sometimes called “monoliths.” They are the largest type of caisson. They are constructed within quay walls where extra resistance is needed against impacts of ships and other vessels. Quay walls are earth-retaining structures utilized to dock vessels and barges for the transport of materials and goods.5. Excavated Caissons – These are caissons that are used in excavated sites. They are most often cylinder-shaped as opposed to box-shaped. Once they are floated in place, they are filled with concrete.6. Floating Caissons – With box-shaped exteriors and cylinder-shaped cavities, floating caissons are a top choice for foundation projects for port construction, wharf construction, and berthing facility construction. Floating caissons are also sometimes referred to as “floating docks.”Determining the best type of caisson for the job should take factors like the type of construction and natural environment into consideration. All of the caisson categories listed above come with unique benefits for particular applications.

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Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace hosts a wide variety of piledriving materials, including used sheet pile, new and used h pile beams, new and used steel pipe, and much more. Furthermore, our foundation equipment inventory ranges from crawler drill rigs, to vibratory hammers, and much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

The Texas Department of Transportation outlines specifications regarding the proper dimensions for precast concrete traffic barrier (PCTB) end joints, including connection plate details, joint installation details, joint connection types, and more.

Texas Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) End Joint Connections

All steel assemblies for PCTB joints should be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with Item 445, “Galvanizing.” The details and specifications for end joint connections outlined by the Texas Department of Transportation are as follows:Connection Plate DetailsConnection plates measure 4” long x 4-1/2” wide x 3/8” thick, with a 1-5/8” diameter hole in the center of the plate. Furthermore, there should be a 1-1/2” std. steel connection pipe running through the center of each plate (through the allotted hole).One connection plate is required per barrier assembly. Four connection plates are required per joint. All steel fittings for joint Type X should be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with Item 445.Type X Joint Installation DetailsType X Joint installation includes one upper assembly (typ.), one lower assembly (typ.), one upper connection pipe, one lower connection pipe, four connection plates, and two #5 deformed anchor bars (typ.) per side. The upper connection hardware should not extend beyond the concrete face of the barrier. Each connection plate includes a threaded rod with two plate washers and two nuts within the connection pipe (typ.).Connection Bolt or Threaded Rod DetailEach joint requires two threaded rods (or equivalent hex head bolts) with two PL 3/8” x 3” x 3” plate washers and two std. hex nuts. The rod measures 2’-5” long and is a 7/8” diameter A325 (or equivalent) threaded rod. The hex nut should extend a minimum of 1” (typ.) beyond the washer on each end. The hex nuts should be std. 7/8” hex nuts (typ.).The connection hardware should not extend beyond the concrete face of the barrier. Hex head bolts may be provided. The proper length of all hardware should be verified.Isometric Typical Welded AssemblyFour assemblies are required per joint (two upper and two lower). The assemblies include two #5 deformed bar anchors, a steel connection plate, a connection pipe, and a threaded rode within the connection pipe.Deformed Bar Anchor DetailsBars are #5 Reinforcing Bar Grade 60 and measure 3’-8” in length. Two bars are required per assembly, and eight are required per joint. The arm of the bar is angled at 70 degrees.Upper Connection Pipe DetailsOne steel pipe is required per upper assembly, and two are required per joint. Pipes should measure 1-11/16” long.Lower Connection Pipe DetailsOne steel pipe is required per upper assembly, and two are required per joint. Pipes should measure 12-1/2” wide and be 1-1/2” std. pipe.Proprietary Joint Connections (CSB)The Texas Department of Transportation outline general rules for proprietary joint connections for concrete safety barriers (CSB). Two proprietary joint connections are acceptable as alternates to the Type X connection. These joint connection types are:

1. J-J Hooks
2. Quick-Bolt

If one of these connection systems are exclusively specified in the plans, prior approval for sole source use must be obtained. Details for the connection components and barrier reinforcement for these systems will be shown on the manufacturer’s shop drawings furnished to the Engineer.This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT' most recent requirements for definitive information.

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Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace allows contractors to sell unneeded assets, including various types of barrier wall including DOT spec. barrier, f-shape barrier, single slope barrier, low profile barrier, and much more. Furthermore, our construction equipment inventory also extends to include foundation equipment, concrete formwork, and much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

The Texas Department of Transportation outlines specifications regarding the proper dimensions for Type 1 F-shape precast concrete traffic barriers (PCTB), including general notes, plan view details, bar details, and more.

Texas Type 1 F-Shape Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) General Notes

The Texas Department of Transportation’s general instructions are as follows:

1. Concrete should be Class H with a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi.
2. Where used, rebar reinforcement should be Grade 60 and conform to ASTM A615.
3. Precast barrier length should be 30 feet, unless otherwise specified.
4. All precast barrier edges should have a ¾” chamfer or tooled radius.
5. All concrete, reinforcement, joint connection systems, grout, etc. as shown, are considered as part of the barrier payment.
6. All steel assemblies for joint should be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with Item 445, “Galvanizing.”
7. Regardless of the method of handling, barrier lifting points should be approximately 7.5 feet from the ends of the barrier. Lifting devices and attachments to barrier sections should be approved by the Engineer.
8. Surface finishing and grouting should be two parts sand and one part cement with enough water to make the mixture plastic. Grouting should be done in a manner that will assure a smooth surface. Surface finishing should be considered subsidiary to the various bid items involved.
9. Conduit trough when required should be shown elsewhere on the plans, or as directed by the Engineer.

Texas Type 1 F-Shape Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Specifications

Texas PCTBs should conform to the following specifications, according to the Texas Department of Transportation.Reinforcements for Precast Concrete Safety Barrier (Type 1)Barriers measure 30’-0” (plus or minus 1”) long. Each barrier includes #4 S1 Bars with type X joint connection, #4 S3 Bars, and #5 R Bars. The S1 Bars are required with a WWR reinforcement option. There is a max spacing of 12” between the #4 S3 Bars.Barriers also include 2” diameter lifting pipe holes which can fit steel pipe or Sch. 40 PVC. As mentioned in note 4, Regardless of the method of handling, barrier lifting points should be approximately 7.5 feet from the ends of the barrier. Lifting devices and attachments to barrier sections should be approved by the Engineer.In addition to the reinforcing bars, barriers are required to include two drainage slots that measure 36” long x 3” deep, beginning 6’-0” from each end of the 30’-0” barrier segment.End View for Precast Concrete Safety Barrier (Type 1)When viewed from an end view, barriers measure 32” tall and include a ¾” chamfer (typ.) on the top and sides. There are two lifting pipe holes which are stacked vertically over each other and spaced 6” apart. The distance from the top of the barrier to the center of the upper hole is 11”, and the distance from the bottom of the barrier to the center of the bottom hole is 15”.Barriers measure 9-1/2” wide at the top and 24” wide at the bottom. The break point occurs 10” from the ground line. The bottom slope is 7” tall and 4-3/4” wide; the upper slope is 22” tall and 2-1/2” wide. There is a conduit trough running through the center of the barrier, which is 6” wide and 3” tall. There is a 3” or 4” vertical reveal and a 1” ACP. However, it should be noted that when the 1” ACP is not used as lateral support for permanent barrier placement, a permissible method of attaining the equivalent lateral support may be used. Similarly, when the 1” ACP is not used for lateral supports, the height of the vertical reveal should be adjusted accordingly.#4 S3 Bar DetailsS3 Bars (#4) are U-shaped and measure 6” on the short “closed” end and 1’-7” on the wide “open” end. The bar is symmetrical in nature and measures 2’-3” long. Each symmetrical arm of the bar can be split into two “sections” – the long section and the short section. The long section measures 1’-9-1/4” long and the short section measures 5-3/4” long. On the closed section of the bar, there is a 2” diameter bending pin (typ.).#2 S1 Bar (Joint Type X) DetailsS1 Bars (#2) are vase-shaped and measure 6” on the short “closed” end and 10-5/8” on the wide “open” end. The bar is symmetrical in nature and measures 1’-9” long. Each symmetrical arm of the bar can be split into two “sections” – the long section and the short section. The long section measures 1’-4” long and the short section measures 5” long.Deformed Bar Anchor DetailsBars are #5 Reinforcing Bar Grade 60 and measure 3’-8” in length. Two bars are required per assembly, and eight are required per joint. The arm of the bar is angled at 70 degrees.Upper Connection Pipe DetailsOne steel pipe is required per upper assembly, and two are required per joint. Pipes should measure 1—11/16” long.Lower Connection Pipe DetailsOne steel pipe is required per upper assembly, and two are required per joint. Pipes should measure 12-1/2” wide and be 1-1/2” std. pipe.This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT' most recent requirements for definitive information.

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Eiffel Trading’s barrier wall inventory ranges from used f-shape barrier wall, to used low profile barrier wall, to used single slope barrier wall, and everything in between. Furthermore, our construction equipment inventory includes foundation equipment, concrete equipment, and much more.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) outlines specifications regarding the proper pinned placement for precast concrete traffic barriers F-Shape, Type 1 (PCTB), including general notes, pin details, side view details, and more.

Texas Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Precast Pinned Placement General Notes

The Texas Department of Transportation’s general instructions are as follows:

1. These details provide a method of laterally restraining precast concrete barrier to limit deflections under normally expected passenger vehicle impacts. These details are intended for use in work zones, primarily on bridge decks or pavement where temporary barriers must be placed less than two feet from the longitudinal edge of the deck or drop off and parallel to the direction of travel. Other applications of these details are acceptable as directed by the Engineer.
2. Each precast concrete barrier section should have a minimum of four or a total of eight 1/38” diameter holes formed or cored through the barrier. The center lines of the holes are shown in the hole location detail. If rebar is encountered, the entry point may be shifted 2” plus or minus longitudinally along the barrier. The eight holes are spaced along the length of the barrier as described in Detail 1.
3. The drilling of the travel surface is accomplished by placing the pre-drilled barrier section on the travel surface in the desired position. Then the hole is drilled with the bit passing through the hole in the barrier. The bit is to be inserted into the hole in the barrier so that the travel surface is drilled to a point which is slightly more than the pin length.
4. Note that steel washers have been welded to the top of the steel pins to aid in the removal of the pins, when the barrier is removed.
5. See CSB standard sheets for reinforcement requirements and joint connection types.
6. The forming or coring of holes in the barrier, drilling of holes in bridge deck or pavement, fabrication and materials for the 1-1/4” pins, installation of pins, and any repair to the barrier should be considered as subsidiary to the barrier bid items.
7. The barrier and travel surface will be repaired as directed by the Engineer in accordance with Item 429, “Concrete Structure Repair.”
8. Provide galvanized bolts, nuts and plate washers. All steel pins should be galvanized after fabrication in accordance with Item 445, “Galvanizing.”
9. Weight of barrier is approximately 440 pounds per foot.

Texas Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier (PCTB) Pinned Placement

Texas PCTB pinned placement should conform to the following specifications, according to the Texas Department of Transportation:Detail 1Barriers include front and back holes that measure 1-3/8” in diameter. These holes are meant for side pins or bolt throughs, and they are spaced as follows:

1. Front Holes

The first front hole is spaced 4’-10” from the left side of the barrier; the next three holes are then spaced in even intervals of 6’-9”.

1. Back Holes

The first back hole is spaced 4’-3” from the left side of the barrier; the next three holes are then spaced in even intervals of 6’-9”.Detail 2Detail two shows placement on Asphalt Concrete Pavement or treaded pace material. A cross pin of 30” is required if traffic is on both sides of the barrier and there is less than 2’-0” of slide room. The pins will fit into a 1-3/8” diameter hole (typ., front and back). Front or traffic side pin is required with this pinned placement.30” Pin DetailPins should be made of ASTM A36 steel and measure 30” long and 1-1/4” in diameter. A steel washer should be welded to the pin at a 5 degree angle so that the washer is flush to the barrier surface.Detail 3Detail three shows placement on a bridge deck or CRCP. Cross pins of 21” are required if traffic is on both sides of the barrier and there is less than 2’-0” of slide room. Cross pins are recommended but not required if there is less than 2’-0” on the bridge deck. The pins will fit into a 1-3/8” diameter hole (typ., front and back). Front or traffic side pin is required with this pinned placement.21” Pin DetailPins should be made of ASTM A36 steel and measure 20-1/2” long and 1-1/4” in diameter. A steel washer should be welded to the pin at a 5-degree angle so that the washer is flush to the barrier surface.Core Drilling an Existing BarrierCore drilling an existing concrete barrier is permitted. Holes should be drilled with coring or masonry drilling type equipment. Percussion drilling should not be used. A special drill but will likely be required. Spalls in the concrete exceeding ½” should be patched.Precast Concrete Traffic Barrier Bolt Through Placement Over Longitudinal Expansion JointThe “bolt through” method of pinning precast barriers on a bridge deck is primarily used in a permanent location that requires limited barrier deflection.This blog post is an interpretation of specifications by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Please consult with TxDOT's most recent requirements for definitive information.

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Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace boasts a wide variety of new and used precast barrier wall options, including various DOT specs, single slope barrier, low profile barrier, f-shape barrier, and much more. Furthermore, our marine equipment inventory ranges from sectional barges, to tug boats, and everything in between.All of our listings are constantly being updated, but if you don’t see what you’re looking for, create a wanted listing for free.Ready to sell your used heavy equipment or construction material? List your products today for free on Eiffel Trading’s online marketplace.If you have any questions or would like additional information, please call us at 1-800-541-7998 or email sales@eiffeltrading.com.